![]() Öncelikle psikopatolojinin tanımına ve disiplinler arası çalışmaların günümüzdeki önemine yer vererek başlayan çalışma, devamında çoklu bellek sistemlerini ve bu sistemlerin gelişimsel süreçte takip ettiği basamakları açıklamaktadır. Z Bu derleme çalışmasının amacı, belirli psikopatolojilerin incelenmesinde ve tedavisinde daha etkili seçeneklerin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayabileceği düşünülen çoklu bellek sistemleri teorisini klinik psikoloji alan yazınına tanıtmaktır. Improving methods for determining whether implicit memory declines or remains stable with age is an important goal for future research, as the issue not only has significant implications for an aging society regarding interventions likely to ameliorate the effects of age-related explicit memory decline, but can also inform our theoretical understanding of human memory systems. While a vast amount of research has accumulated to suggest that implicit memory remains relatively stable over the adult lifespan, and is similar in samples of young and older adults, other studies have in contrast revealed that implicit memory is subject to age-related decline. This can manifest in rehearsed motor skills, such as playing a musical instrument, but is typically indexed in the laboratory by the greater ease with which previously studied information is processed relative to non-studied information (e.g., repetition priming). Implicit memory is evident when previous experiences affect (e.g., facilitate) performance on tasks that do not require conscious recollection of those experiences. ![]() In contrast, it is less clear whether implicit (procedural, unconscious) memory declines or remains stable in normal aging. Studies have shown a progressive reduction in this form of memory with age, and healthy older adults (typically aged 65+ years) usually perform worse than younger adults (typically aged 18-30 years) on laboratory tests of explicit memory such as recall and recognition. It is well documented that explicit (declarative, conscious) memory declines in normal aging. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) They also indicate that repetition priming in WSC and WFC involve different mechanisms and that frontal-lobe dysfunction is a factor in reduced priming on the WSC test. The results provide evidence of a double dissociation with respect to involvement of brain regions in EM and IM. Comparisons of EM and IM test results with neuropsychological test scores revealed several effects, including significant correlations (a) between EM scores on both tests and performance on standard memory tests in both aged groups and (b) between IM scores of both aged groups on WSC and frontal-lobe test performance. Priming effects on WSC were smaller in the institutionalized group than the other 2 groups. ![]() Age differences were observed on both tests of EM and on all neuropsychological tests. Neuropsychological tests sensitive to frontal and medial temporal lobe function were also administered. Groups of normal old people living in institutions or in the community and young adults were administered tests of implicit (IM) and explicit (EM) memory with word-stem (WSC) and word-fragment (WFC) completion paradigms.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |